The Nazis who were tried at Nuremberg trials were all given a Rorschach Inkblot test. These test protocols were scored by a computer version of the Exner Scoring system. The Exner system is considered to be the most empirically defensible RIT scoring system.
Not to give away trade secrets, but there is a ratio of determinant scores that reveal, according to research, a person’s problem solving preferences. These preferences are 1) “I’ll go ask someone I trust”, and 2) “I’ll take a walk and think this over.” In other words, the former uses other people to help solve problems and the latter is a method of relying on internal resources to solve problems. Empirically, both are perfectly useful ways of solving problems. According to Exner and the research, it is just important that a person has a problem-solving style preference. For those who don’t have a problem solving style preference, they can thrash about trying to figure out how to respond to a problem.
The one very uniform finding from the Rorschachs done on the Nazis was that they did not have a problem solving preference – which could have conceivably led to them having a “just following orders” predilection.
Personally, I think psychology might find that when it abandons the Rorschach Test, it will have matured to a degree. It is a fascinating test, though.